Everything about The Gingival Fibers totally explained
The
gingival fibers are the
connective tissue fibers that attach a
tooth to the
gingival tissue. They are primarily composed to type I
collagen, although type III fibers are also involved.
These fibers, unlike the fibers of the
periodontal ligament, in general, attach the tooth to the gingival tissue, rather than from the tooth to the
alveolar bone.
Functions of the gingival fibers
The gingival fibers accomplish the following tasks:
- They hold the marginal gingiva against the tooth
- They provide the marginal gingiva with enough rigidity to withstand the forces of mastication without distorting
- They serve to stabilize the marginal gingiva by uniting it with both the tissue of the more rigid attached gingiva as well as the cementum layer of the tooth.
Gingival fibers and periodontitis
In theory, gingival fibers are the protectors against
periodontitis, as once they're breached, they can't be regenerated. When destroyed, the gingival sulcus (labelled G in the diagram) increases in depth apically, allowing more debris and
bacteria to remain in intimate contacts with the delicate
sulcular and
junctional epithelia for longer periods of time.
Types of gingival fibers
There are three groups within which gingival fibers are arranged:
gingivodental group - there are three types of fibers within this group:
- fibers that extend towards the crest of the gingiva
- fibers that extend laterally to the outer surface of the gingiva and
- fibers that extend outward, past the height of the alveolar crest, and then downward along the cortex of the alveolar bone.
circular group - these fibers are unique in that they exist entirely within the gingiva and don't contact the tooth
transseptal group - these fibers have traditionally been described as spanning the interproximal tissue between adjacent teeth, into which they're embedded. However, two other types of fibers have been described in this group:
- semicicular fibers - fibers that run through the facial and lingual gingiva around each tooth, attaching to the interproximal surfaces of the same tooth.
- transgingival fibers - fibers that run between two non-adjacent teeth and are embedded in the cementum of their proximal surfaces, passing around the tooth in the middle of the two teeth attached with these fibers.
Further Information
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